Research and statistical analysis help us understand how the world works, how effective medications and treatments are, what influences our health, the best approach for business practices, and much ...

In applied research, an effect size is specified in advance and defines a threshold for decision-making. Power analyses of a specific desired effect size may then be carried out before an experiment ...

It may be common knowledge that p < .05 indicates statistical significance. Psychology students (and others) are often taught that p < .05 means the probability (p) of rejecting the null hypothesis ...

Researchers design studies that might disprove what’s called their null hypothesis – the opposite of the claim they’re ...

Hypothesis testing is a formal procedure for investigating our ideas about the world using statistics. It is most often used by researchers to test predictions, called hypotheses. The first step in ...

What is the chi-squared test? The chi-squared test, often written as χ 2 test, is a statistical hypothesis test used in the analysis of categorical variables to determine whether observed data are ...

Much of running a small business is a gamble, buoyed by boldness, intuition and guts. But wise business leaders also conduct formal and informal research to inform their business decisions. Good ...

Mr. Piller is an investigative journalist for Science magazine and the author of a forthcoming book on fraud in Alzheimer’s research. What if a preposterous failed treatment for Covid-19 — the ...