A refrigeration system’s compression or pressure ratio is defined as the absolute discharge pressure divided by the absolute suction pressure. Calculating this ratio can be a big help when it comes to ...

Long-time EC&M reader Joe Territo, president of Territo Electric in Ocoee, Fla., knows the importance of the requirements of Art. 440 and its growing role in facilities. A Territo client operates a ...

Article 440 applies to electrically driven air-conditioning (A/C) and refrigeration equipment. Each equipment manufacturer has the compressor motor built to its own specifications. The motors are ...

Cascade refrigeration systems represent a critical advancement in thermal management, particularly in applications requiring ultra‐low temperatures. These systems employ multiple refrigeration cycles ...