Discover how to calculate internal rate of return (IRR) to evaluate investment opportunities and understand their potential ...

Every thriving business relies on a robust return on investment (ROI) to help gauge whether its investments are yielding a profit. Although you as an individual investor possess shallower pockets than ...

Excess return refers to the return on an investment that surpasses the return of a benchmark or a risk-free rate. It measures the performance of an investment in relation to its expected or required ...

Discover the essentials of XIRR, a powerful tool for accurately measuring investment returns adjusted for time value.

When you’re considering buying into an annuity, it’s natural to wonder what kinds of returns they typically attain. The rate of return is an important factor in the growth of their portfolio and how ...

One of the many metrics that investors use when evaluating a company is return on assets. The greater the return a company can achieve using a given amount of capital, the higher the valuation that ...

Required rate of return (RRR) gives investors a benchmark to determine the minimum acceptable return on an investment considering the risk involved. By calculating RRR, investors can assess whether an ...

The rule of 72 is a shortcut investors can use to determine how long it will take their investment to double based on a fixed annual rate of return. To use the rule of 72, divide 72 by the fixed rate ...

Real rate of return adjusts for inflation, providing a true growth measure. S&P 500's real rate is 7.9%, versus a nominal 11.8%, due to inflation. Using real rates in retirement planning ensures ...