Calculus 3 - Intro To Vectors

Unit Vector Notation - Standard Unit Vectors i j k - Physics

A 4D torus is often described as a topological space or manifold in four-dimensional Euclidean space (R^4) that possesses specific properties. To provide a more technical result, we can describe it as follows: Definition of a 4D Torus: A 4D torus, denoted as T^4, can be defined as a Cartesian product of four circles. In other words, it is the result of taking four circles (1D tori) and linking them together in such a way that they create a four-dimensional structure. Mathematically, it can be re